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Objective:To understand the current status of depression in older people aged 65 and over in Henan Province, and to study its influencing factors, with a focus on depression in older adults in grandparent families.Methods:A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used.Baseline data about older people aged 65 and over were collected by self-designed questionnaires, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15)was used to assess depression.Results:A total of 7673 valid questionnaires about older adults aged 65 and over were collected, and the rate of depression was 29.52%(2265). Logistic regression analysis showed that 15 factors, such type of parenting, religious belief, region, degree of self-care, affected depression in older people aged 65 and above.Compared with regular parenting, grandparenting alone was a protective factor for depression[ OR(95% CI)=0.613(0.499-0.755), P<0.01]; compared with religious belief, no religious belief was a risk factor for depression[ OR(95% CI)=1.281(1.102-1.488), P<0.01]; compared with income ≥￥4000, incomes between ￥1000-1999[ OR(95% CI)=0.638(0.464-0.877), P<0.01], between ￥2000-2999[ OR(95% CI)=0.567(0.432-0.744), P<0.01]and between￥3000-3999[ OR(95% CI)=0.584(0.448-0.761), P<0.01]were protective factors for depression, with higher income showing stronger protection; compared with retirement, working had a protective effect, but the protective strength decreased in the order of working as urban labor, [ OR(95% CI)=0.332(0.273-0.405), P<0.01], as farmers[ OR(95% CI)=0.391(0.296-0.516), P<0.01], and as professionals or managers[ OR(95% CI)=0.514(0.402-0.656), P<0.01]; living in rural areas[ OR(95% CI)=0.686(0.586-0.804), P<0.01]and female[ OR(95% CI)=0.820(0.734-0.917), P<0.01]were risk factors for depression. Conclusions:There is currently a high rate of depression in older people aged 65 and over in Henan Province.Its influence factors are complicated and variable.Intervention measures taken by institutions need to adapt to specific circumstances.
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Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder.At present, the diagnosis of depressive disorder mainly relies on patients' self-reported symptoms and clinical interviews which are relatively subjective.As one of the new technologies assisting diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has received a lot of attention in recent years.This article reviewed studies of using NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder in the past five years.The review showed that NIRS could reflect abnormal hemodynamic activities of the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex of patients with depressive disorder, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus.Changes of concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in these areas showed higher accuracy in assisting the diagnosis of depression disorder.Until now, only a few longitudinal studies utilized NIRS to compare changes of cerebral hemodynamic activities at different time points of treatment which preliminarily confirmed the potential of NIRS in the evaluation of therapeutic effects of depressive disorder.In future, more large-scale studies will be needed to further determine the specific application standards for NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder.
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Objective : To explore the relationship between blood glucose and arteriosclerosis with cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as the indicator of arteriosclerosis. Methods ¡¤ From 2016 to 2018, a total of 8 547 participants aged 18 years and above who completed physical examinations in the Physical Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected to collect CAVI and other relevant biochemical indicators. Based on fast blood glucose (FBG) and history of diabetes, the subjects were divided into normal blood glucose group and hyperglycemia group. The 1:1 propensity score matching was used to match the gender, age, blood pressure, blood li-pids, and body mass index to balance the covariates between the groups. The matched data were analyzed by Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) to explore the relationship and the dose-effect relationship between FBG and CAVI. Results ¡¤ A total of 1 463 pairs com-pleted propensity score matching, and the covariates between the two groups were balanced after matching. Logistic regression analysis showed that hyperglycemia was a risk factor of CAVI (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.36-1.95). The RCS curve of FBG and CAVI abnormal risk showed an up-ward trend, i.e., as FBG increased, the risk of CAVI abnormalities increased. Conclusion ¡¤ As the fasting blood glucose increases, the risk of arteriosclerosis also increases.
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Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy on coping style, time management and family function of middle school students with internet addiction, and provide theoretical basis for the internet addiction psychotherapy system.Methods:Based on IAT, 70 internet addiction middle school students were screened and divided into control group and experimental group according to random number table method.The control group was only given conventionally psychological and drug treatments, the experimental group participated in cognitive behavioral orientation group psychotherapy on the basis of the treatment of the control group.Thirty-two people in the control group and thirty-three people in the experimental group completed the treatment.Before and after treatment, the two groups of middle school students were evaluated by the internet IAT, the SCSQ, the ATMD and the FAD.Results:There was no significant difference in the scales between the two groups of internet addiction middle school students before treatment (all P>0.05). After the intervention of the experimental group, the differences in the positive response (1.89±0.51), negative response (1.55±0.51), time monitoring (58.39±12.10), time value (26.64±4.48), time efficacy (30.42±5.18), and roles(18.85±2.40), communication(24.18±3.77), behavior control (18.82±2.57) and general functioning(24.79±3.90) of FAD were statistically significant compared with the control group (1.62±0.44), (1.84±0.55), (52.09±11.72), (19.34±3.96), (21.91±6.13), (21.16±2.63), (26.09±3.75), (20.59±2.54), (28.69±3.68) and the pre-intervention period (1.46±0.48), (1.97±0.56), (48.73±13.46), (18.27±4.84), (20.00±5.79), (21.76±2.72), (26.58±3.86), (19.76±2.96), (29.27±4.76) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in problem-solving (12.67±2.50) and affective responsiveness (14.03±3.73) scores of the FAD between the experimental group and the pre-intervention group (14.15±2.83), (14.61±3.66) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in SCSQ and ATMD before and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy can optimize the coping style, ameliorate their time management ability and significantly improve the role, communication, behavior control and overall function of family function of middle school students with internet addiction.
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The root of Aster tataricus L. f. (RA) has been widely used in the clinic for moistening lung, dispelling phlegm and relieving cough because of its significant therapeutic effects on respiratory diseases. In this study, a systematic data acquisition and mining strategy was established aimed at solving the complexity of the traditional Chinese medicine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 132 chemical constituents, including 43 terpenes, 31 flavonoids, 22 organic acids, 18 peptides, 9 coumarins, 3 steroids, 3 anthraquinones and 3 aldehydes were identified or tentatively characterized, among which 59 components were confirmed by comparison with the standard references. Meanwhile, the accurate mass measurements of the identified components were all with ±5 ppm error. Therefore, this work provided not only reliable data supports for the comprehensive analysis of the chemical constituents in RA, but also provided an efficient data acquisition and mining strategy to profile the chemical constituents for other traditional Chinese medicine complex system.
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Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex metabolic syndrome that seriously harms human health, and its occurrence and development are directly related to the metabolic disturbances of free fatty acids (FFA). In this study, macrophage-derived foam cells were established as the model of early AS. Therefore, the metabolic disturbances of FFA in ox-LDL induced foamy macrophages were analyzed using target metabolomics. Then the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on regulating FFA was also explored. The quantitative analysis of 27 fatty acids was obtained within 20 min based on dynamic MRM mode. Thirteen metabolic biomarkers of macrophage-derived foam cells were identified using multivariate statistical analysis. It was found that upregulation of total SFA and downregulation of C12:0, C14:0, C18:1, total MUFA were the typical metabolic features in macrophage-derived foam cells. Furthermore, HSYA displayed obvious repairing effect on C12:0, C14:0 and C18:1, which were involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Oleoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) hydrolase (OLAH), as the key enzyme in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, may be a drug target of HSYA.
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A method for the simultaneous determination of sixteen mycotoxins in cogon rootstalk was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadropole mass spectrometry(UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile contained 1% acetic acid and purified by QuEChERS method. The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈column by gradient elution using methanol and 0.01% aqueous formic acid as mobile phase. The targeted compounds were detected in MRM mode by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization(ESI)source operated in positive ionization mode. The linear relationships of the sixteen mycotoxins were good in their respective linear ranges. The correlation coefficients(r)ranged among 0.996 2-1.000. The LOQs of the sixteen mycotoxins were between 0.03 and 186.68 μg•kg ⁻¹. The average recoveries ranged from 60.28% to 129.2% with relative standard deviations(RSDs)within 0.29%-11%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the mycotoxins quantification in cogon rootstalk.
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Objective To determine the relationship between stressors and mental health among postgraduates in military medical universities. Methods This article analyzed population variable, mental health, the correlation of personality, coping styles and pressure based on Military Academy Graduate Student Stress Scale, Symptom Checklist-90, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Independent sample t-test and single factor analysis variance were used to compare the feel-ing of pressure differences among demographic variables groups and mental health differences between high and low pressure group. Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple step-wise regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship of personality, coping styles and feeling of pressure. Results ①There was significant difference on stressors among postgraduates in military medical universities (F=77.397, P=0.000), and LSD test showed that academic pressure> distribution pressure>economic pressure>marriage pressure>family pressure (P<0.05). ②Except phobic factors, SCL-90 total score and each dimension points of high stress group were significantly higher than that of low stress group (P<0.05).③Negative coping style and EPQ multiple dimensions significantly related to feeling of pressure values in post-graduate students. Neuroticism, lie and extroversion entered the regression equation (F=16.959,P=0.001) and together explained 19.0% of the total variance. Conclusion The pressure from teachers, academic, graduation distribution and application for jobs are the main source of pressure. And the students with high pressure sensitivity get poor mental health and tend to have neurotic personality traits and negative coping styles.
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Objective: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbit trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-quadrupole-orbit trap MS) method was developed and used to rapidly recognize and identify the chemical constituents in the roots of Rheum pumilum. Methods: With 100% methanol as extract preparation for solution, the extract was separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) and eluted with a gradient of methanol-water containing 0.1% formic acid. Mass spectrometry using positive and negative ion monitoring mode. The constituents in the roots of R. pumilum were rapidly recognized and identified by HRMS in the negative ion mode using both full scan and automatic triggering of the function of the two stage mass spectrometry scanning. Results: A total of 34 compounds, including 11 anthraquinones, 4 acyl indicans, 3 tannin precursor and tannins, 9 toluylenes, 2 flavonoids, 3 nai glycosides, and 2 benzyl butyl ketones were identified. Among them, 7 compounds were unambiguously identified by comparing with the reference standards and. 28 chemical compositions were reported for the first time in the roots of R. pumilum. Conclusion: The high resolution mass spectrometry database has been established by UPLC-quadrupole-orbit trap MS and the fragmentation pattern of reference substances is summarized. Many constituents from the roots of R. pumilum could be rapidly analyzed and identified. This study demonstrates that the UPLC-quadrupole-orbit trap MS is a powerful, rapid, and accurate tool in the structural identification of unknown constituents in Chinese herbal medicine with a good application prospects.
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A quantitative analytical method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was developed for simultaneously determining twelve components in Tibetan medicine Zuozhu Daxi. SIMPCA 12.0 software was used a principal component analysis PCA) and partial small squares analysis (PLSD-DA) on the twelve components in 10 batches from four pharmaceutical factories. Acquity UPLC BEH C15 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) was adopted at the column temperature of 35 °C and eluted with acetonitrile (A) -0.05% phosphate acid solution (B) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0. 3 mL · min(-1). The injection volume was 1 µL. The detection wavelengths were set at 210 nm for alantolactone, isoalantolactone and oleanolic; 260 nm for trychnine and brucine; 288 nm for protopine; 306 nm for protopine, resveratrol and piperine; 370 nm for quercetin and isorhamnetin. The results showed a good separation among index components, with a good linearity relationship (R2 = 0.999 6) within the selected concentration range. The average sample recovery rates ranged between 99.44%-101.8%, with RSD between 0.37%-1.7%, indicating the method is rapid and accurate with a good repeatability and stability. The PCA and PLSD-DA analysis on the sample determination results revealed a great difference among samples from different pharmaceutical factories. The twelve components included in this study contributed significantly to the quantitative determination of intrinsic quality of Zuozhu Daxi. The UPLC established for to the quantitative determination of the twelve components can provide scientific basis for the comprehensive quality evaluation of Zuozhu Daxi.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Quality Control , TibetABSTRACT
[Abst ract] Objective To explore the relationship between expression of S100B in hippocampus of depression model rats induced by chronic stress and its depression like behavior,and the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine.Methods 40 rats were put into control group,fluoxetine group,CUS group and CUS plus fluoxetine group,using random number table.Rats in each groups received corresponding treatment.Chronic unpredictable stresses (CUS) were performed on rats for 42 days.Fluoxetine (5 mg/(kg · d)) were delivered to rats by intragastric administration from day 22 to day 42.Then,S100B protein were marked and observed by immunohistochemical method.Open-field test,sucrose consumption and body weight were used to evaluate behavioral changes.Results Scores in behavioral test were reduced significantly by 42 days of stress (main effects of stress,P＜0.05).Effects of stress on behavioral scores were reversed by 21 days fluoxetine treatment (interactions,P＜0.05).CUS resulted in elevated expression of S100B in CA1,CA3 and DG sub-regions in experimental rats (OD values,CUS,0.331 ±0.01,0.353 ± 0.01,0.381 ± 0.007 ; control,0.238 ± 0.007,0.237 ± 0.010,0.228 ± 0.006.Simple effects of stress,P=0.000; P=0.000; P=0.000).Fluoxetine treatment reversed the elevated expression of S100B in CA1,CA3 and DG sub-regions in model rats (OD values:CUS plus fluoxetine,0.233 ± 0.015,0.240 ± 0.005,0.254± 0.015; fluoxetine,0.241±0.007,0.233±0.013,0.227±0.017; Interactions between fluoxetine and CUS,P=0.000; P=0.000; P=0.000).Conclusion Sub-regional over expression of S 100B in hippocampus is associated with depression like behavior of rats.Reversed S100B expression in these sub-regions is an indicator of effective antidepressant treatment but not a mechanism for it.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the differences of objective response rate (ORR), side effects and survival among patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, sequential chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy alone, and to analyze the influencing factors on their survival.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-six patients diagnosed as LD-SCLC in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 were included in this study. The differences of objective response rates, side effects and survival rates were analyzed by χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier test was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS). Cox regression was used to detect the influencing factors on survival time of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients were divided into three groups: concurrent chemoradiotherapy (49 cases), sequential chemoradiotherapy (62 cases) and chemotherapy alone (55 cases). The chemotherapy was based on CE/EP regimen, with an average cycle of 5.2. Radiotherapy was of a common or 3-dimensional conformal technology, for regular segmentation irradiation with an average dose of 49.6 Gy. The total ORR was 73.4%, OS and PFS were 22.9 months and 10.8 months, 1, 3, 5-year survival rates were 82.7%, 31.8%, 18.6%, respectively. For the concurrent group, sequential group and chemotherapy alone group, the ORR was 89.4%, 67.2% and 66.0%, respectively. Compared the chemotherapy alone group and concurrent group with the sequential group, there were significant differences (P<0.05). For the concurrent group, sequential group and chemotherapy alone group, the median OS was 29.7 months, 22.6 months, and 19.5 months; the median PFS was 12.7 months, 10.8 months, and 9.8 months, respectively, with a non-significant difference between each two groups (P>0.05). For the concurrent group, sequential group and chemotherapy alone group, the 1-year survival rates were 91.1%, 86.3%, and 65.6%, the 3-year survival rates were 44.2%, 28.3% and 22.8%, and the 5-year survival rates were 24.2%, 21.4% and 11.1%, respectively, with significant differences among them (P<0.05). The major side effects were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reactions, radiation pneumonia and radiation esophagitis. For the concurrent group, sequential group and chemotherapy alone group, the incidence of myelosuppression were 84.4%, 76.8% and 60.0%, respectively, with a significant difference (P=0.008) between the concurrent group and chemotherapy alone group. For the concurrent group and sequential group, the incidences of radiation pneumonia were 22.2% and 22.9%, with a non-significant difference (P=0.940). The incidences of radiation esophagitis were 47.2% and 16.7%, respectively, with a significant difference (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that OS was significantly associated with gender (P=0.018) and ECOG score (P=0.009), and PFS was significantly associated with gender (P=0.050).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For LD-SCLC, concurrent chemoradiotherapy can significantly increase the objective response rate. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy and sequential chemoradiotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone can extend survival, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy is better, but the differences among the three regimens are not significant. Gender and ECOG score are important influencing factors of survival.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Carboplatin , Therapeutic Uses , Chemoradiotherapy , Cisplatin , Therapeutic Uses , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Epirubicin , Therapeutic Uses , Esophagitis , Etoposide , Therapeutic Uses , Lung Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Myelopoiesis , Radiation Effects , Radiation Pneumonitis , Radiotherapy, Conformal , Remission Induction , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Survival RateABSTRACT
Objective To study the relationship between Tei index and the myocardial enzymes in newborns with myocardial damage due to asphyxia. Methods Forty-four newborns with mild asphyxia,27 newborns with severe asphyxia and 20 healthy newborns hospitalized in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2008 were enrolled in this study.The peak E and peak A and E/A ratio at mitral valve,the ejection fraction,isovolumetric contraction time,isovolumetric relaxation time and Tei index were measured by conventional echocardiography,and aspartate aminotransferase,creatine kinase,lactate dehydrogenase,hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphate kinase isoenzyme,and cardiac troponin T were tested also.One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results Tei index,isovolumetric contraction time and isovolumetric relaxation time in the severe asphyxia newborns were 0.62±0.13,(47±7)ms and(52±8)ms,higher than those in the mild asphyxia newborns[0.51±0.14,(41±6)ms and(43±6)ms],those in the mild asphyxia newborns were higher than in the healthy newborns[0.39±0.12,(34±6)ms and (37±6)ms] (all P<0.01).Aspartate aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase,hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase and its isoenzymes and cardiac troponin T in the severe asphyxia newborns were higher than in the mild asphyxia newborns and healthy group(P<0.01).Tei index,isovolumetric contraction time and isovolumetric relaxation time were positively related to the myocardial enzymes.The positive relationships were more statistically significant in Tel index,creatine kinase,its isoenzymes and cardiac troponin T(r=0.762,0.821,0.778,P<0.01).Conclusions Combination of Tei index and myocardial enzymes can not only be applied to assess the cardiac function in newborns with myocardial damage due to asphyxia,but also to evaluate the degree of cardiac dysfunction accurately and dynamically.
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Objective To observe the behavior changes and synaptic reconstruction of brain and the impact of gastrodin in rats with epilepysy induced by pentylenetetrazole.Methods Fifty Wistar rats in growth(50-70 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) group,gastrodin high dose group,gastrodin low dose group and sodium valproate group,each group had 10 rats.According to Racine classification,the behavior changes of rats and the frequency were recorded.Conventional method was adopt to perfuse cordis, fix and extract the brain,and the immunohistochemistry was used to detect synaptophysin(P38) expression in the temporal lobe and hippocampus of the brain after 4 weeks.Results 1.Four weeks after pentylenetetrazole ignited the growth period rats,the attack-level of each experimental group through comparison with each other,there was statistically significant difference(?2=35.83 P0.05).Conclusions There are mossy fiber sprouting and the formation of synaptic reconstruction in temporal lobe and hippocampus of the growth period rats repea-tedly ignited by pentylenetetrazole.Gastrodin may play a role in the formation of antiepileptic obviously,and through decreasing the expression of P38,which can inhibit the formation of synaptic reconstruction,as control seizures indirectly.